Flying-machine.



G. S. UDSTA-D. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED 1'EB.21,'1910.

Patented My 2, r911\ 7 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Gr. S. UDSTAD.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED mmm, 1910.

' Patented May 2, 1911.

7 SHEETS-SHEB'R 3 NS QS G. s. UDVSTAD.

l FLYING MAGHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FBB.21, 1910.

Patented May 2, 1911.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

G. S. UDSTAD. FLYING MACHINE.

I APPLICATION FILED FEB.Z1, 1910. 99.1,-1 15. Patented May 2,1911.

v SHB'BTS-SHEBT 5.

vf @ffy/ f',

G. s. UDSTAD.

FLYING MAGHINE.

1 1 5 APPLICATION FILED *$13.21. 1910. Patented May 2 'I BHBETS-8HEET 6.

jivazw "entran cierne TENT-enrich.

meester au' Specification of Letters Patent. i, .applicaties metreti-ary si, isz-o. sensi Nc. 545,176

. LYING-MACHIITE.

(JIS, ASSIGNGR F ONE-HALF TO CHJRLES RORA ILLINOIS.

Patented Maye, 1.911.

@clem 't may concern;

, 1. it lfcnown that Il.' Grenen S. Unsran, a citizenof the UnitedSta-tes', anda' resident ofAnrora, in the county of Kane'and State ol?noie.l have invented lcertain new and useful Improvements inFlying-Machines; and l do hereby declare that. the following is hill,clear, andexact description thereof, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,which forma part of this specification; p I Thisinvention relates toflying machines .of that 'general .type coinnionly known as lae.roplanes,. wherein planes are provided to liftand sustain the machineas 'it is.

driventhrou'h the air bv its ,iro ellers.

The invention consists of the construction i and combination ofparshereinafter de- "the claii'ns.` i In thefdrawingsz-Fignre lis ayside elevation'of the machine.. Fig. is a top-plan. View of the same.Fig. 3 is k:mother side elevation of 'the machine', showing the4aeroplanesand propeller-s in diierentpositionsv from those shown in l.Figlis a lon gitndinal section through the inach'ine'on the line 4 4 -ofFig. l. Fig. `5 representsv a transverse section through Fig.A l' on theline 5-'5.thereof. Fig. 6 is asimilar section through VFig: on vthe line646 thereof. Fig. 4' 4is av partial transverse section through `ig l onthe line 7-7 thereof. Fig. 8 is a.

l scribed andmoreparticularly ypointed' out inf n transverse sectionthrough they oper-- atii;, on the line 8- 8 of Fig. l., Fig.

l? isa vertical section through the steering gea-r. Fig. l0 is avertical section throughl the gyroscope to be used in connection with mymachine. Fig. 1l vis a detail sectional view on an enlarged scalethrough the beveled pinion which iennediately drives the propellersFigs.. l2 and 1'3 show perspective viens of modified box kites which may.55 be used in connection with my machine.

Figs. 14 and l5 show, respectively, end elevations offonr and six bladepropellers. F 'ld and .'t represent, respectively, side elevations ofsaid propellers. y u The frame. of the machineis built of light butvstrong and rigid tubing, and comprises ain uppe1'-rame`20 and a lowerframe 2]. Eachframevdspreferably rectangular in 1orr`n, and the upperrarneis braced latenv V55, ally bythe end rods 23, and longitudinally'by two rods or tubes 24 located on each side of the medial line of the-frame and running I -from end to end thereof in a direction parallel tothe'sides of the frame The lower frame 2l is laterally braced by rods ortubes 60 I Q5 which run transverse of the frame and i are rigidlysecured to the sides thereof. 26 y@represents the car body preferablymade of I lubing connected together so as to forni a.

l rigid construction-` Said body is supported l on the lower frame :21by means of cross bars 27 which rise slightly above the plane of thevlower frame'ahdalso serve to brace said 4frame.A The :upper frame 2O issupported from and secu-red tothe lower frame by means of hangers 28arranged at suitable `intervals to lrifridly .brace the two frames apart29 represents supplemental support ving bange-rept npright braces Which.rnn from the upper rail 'of thel car body to the 75 longitudinal braces24 of the upper frame Q0.

' strong ang'rigid yet light construction is hns obtaine" f. .y 4The:planes'provided for lifting the machine are preferalgilymadeinfthemtorg. o 'SC Thorgki'teswA 'pair Fb-X'li'tes 30 is located I.forward and another pair 3 1 is located aft of l the machine. Said 'boxkites, as shown, are

of the two'plane type and' are rotatively@ ,mounted uponjthe upper frame20. 32,-33 85 'represent transverse rock shafts upon which the pairsofbox 'liitesfSQ and 3l are respectively moilnted.. Said ,shafts arejournaled on the upper frame by ine'anso sleeves 32 and 33a. Dependingrock arms 34C, 35 are 90 rigidly connected respectively to the rockshafts 32 and 33, anda rod 36de pivotally connected at its opposite endsto each 4of said Arockgarms. This arrangement and connection of the boxkitesfnrnishes a means for rocking or oscillating them on their axes topresentv them at different angles to the cnr rent-s of air and tomanipulate them for rising or .soaring therein. The -rod 36 is given'`endwise movement. to shift the b ox 100 -kitesbymeans of an operatinglever 79, which is -pivotally'hung from the frame 20; and is connectedtosaid rod. by means of n. pin andslot as illustrated inig l and 3.

37, 38 represent single planes which are 105 rotativelyjmounted on theside members of the upper frame 21 with their axes at right angles tothe axes of the. box kites. Said planes are provided at their rearcnds'ivith projecting hubs 3Q, 40 to 4which are keyed, 1.10

respectively, pulleys 41', 42. These pulleys are operated by endlessbands or cords 48, 44 whicltpass around said pulleys and then downwardthrough loops 45 which are sef cured to the bottom edges of the car body26, whence they pass about pulleys 46', 4i'.

.These pulle-s are secured, respectively, to

-inediately in the rear of the fore hoi' kites` and the other pair 53located immediately in the rear of the aft box. kites. Each pair ofpropellers is preferably made right and left so as to rotate upwardlyand outward ly away "from the medial axis of the machine :is indicatedbythe a ri-'ows in Fig. (i. Each of said Propellers is mounted insubstantially the`sa'me'way,A and the description of the.A

mounting of one will apply' to all.

-54 represents a frame (F'gs. 1 and 2) ro tatively v`mountedpn a` shaft55 which is journaled on the sido members of the upper frame 20 by meansof sleeves-56. A long baringll isformed in the forward side of thefraine54 for the shaft 58 of th: propeller 52, said shaftbeing held fromendwise'rnoveL- ment by means of suitable'slecves. Abeveled gear 59 ofsmalll diameter is keyed to the end of the shaft 58 Within the frame 54and meshes with 4another beveled gear oflarger diameter 60 which iskeyed to the shaft'55. lt is apparent that the rotation of the shaftwill communicate its rotation to the propeller A beveled .q'ear 61iskeyed to the shaft 55 at a point between the longitudinal bracingrmembers 24C of the fratriev 20.b This gear meshes with a gear of largerdiameter G2 which is keyed to the cud of a shaft 63 located between thebracing members 24 and running in the direction of the length. of themachine. The forward end of ysaid' shaft is supported by a suitablebracket 64 which-isl mounted onl the journals supporting.,r the shaft 55where said shaft crosses beneath the bracing members 24. The shaft G8extends rearwardly tothe 'shaft whicli operates the aft propellers,where it is similarly mounted and geared 'to said shaft, as in the caseof the shaft 55, the like parts being in dieated by the same numerals.ltis apparent from thisl construction that rotation of the shaft 68 willimpart rotation to both fore and aft propellers at a greatly increasedspeed.- The forward frames 54 in which the forward propellers arejournaled V are each provided with a depending arm 65,' each rigidlyconneeted with said `trame and connected together by a cross har 66. 67repreand sprocket wheel 78.

sente a` connecting rod which iwpivotally connected at one cud to thecross bar (5G and l at the other end to an operating lever G8 -which ispivotallyhung from the vupper frame f t e machine.

'The rear propeller journal frames are provided -with depending arms'(39 which are connected together by a cross bar 70. A i

link 71- pivotally connectssaid cross har with an operating lever 72which is pivotally hung from the upper frame of the machine.

lt is apparent that by means of the 'operating levers 68 and 72. thejournal frames t'or the propellers may he shifted on their artes .so asto present the propellers at various angles. Each of the operating:levers (38, T2

and T9 is provided with notched segment-s and spring controlled detent'softhe. usual type by means of whielrsaid levers may bc fixed in anydesired position.

75 indicates` the motor which may be of any suitable or desigible type'.The motor Vshaft- Tt is geared to the propeller operatiner shaftt'i bymeans'of a spi'oclcetchain 78' -i A clutch G3 4is preferably placed onthe operating shaft 63 to engage and throw in lor out of gear thesprocket wheel 78'. This clutch is operated by a lever arm 63?. fA

At the rear of the machine is located a rudder-80 which is in the formof a. plane and is ionrnaled alo'ng'its vertical 'median gline.- '11h13.platform of the car is extended preferably, as at 81, toprovide asupport 4for the lower journal of tho rudder shaft 82, which isjournaled 4at its ,upper end in bracket arms 83 rigidly secured to theend hanger bars of the frame of the machine. The lower end of the ruddershaft is provided' with a pulley 84 about whichv is passed an endlesssteering cord or band 85. This band or cord passes around a pulle 86secnredto the lower' end of a'vertical shaft 87 which is-mounted in thecar body just aft of 'the engine of the motor 75 4(see Figs. 1 and 2).Said shaft is preferably made hol;

which is for a purpose now to be described.

-.Forrunnmg upon the ground the machine is provided with four' wheels,the front wheels 90 'and the rearv wheels 91. The rear wheels aremounted in anyaisual waysand the front wheels are mounted on shorthinged axles 92, as in the ordinary automobile conioo struction. Theinner ends of the short axles 92 are connected bylight rods 93 with theends of the cross bar 89 secured to the end of the steering shaft 88.It'isthus apparent that the machine when runnin on the groundmay besteered vb means o the shaft 88 which is loperated y the hand wheel88.".

For steadyng my machine, I prefer to prvide it amidships and in-it'supper frame 450 fier exempie', the?, illueltiiiie in' M by the meor. l@'indicates the pyji'seol'le suitably mounted on the longitudinal bracebars 24.- Which are here spaced apart, as iz1dicated al. 1.01, i0plovifle a Suitable base im.' said gyioajeope. The lowein end of l'lieshaftof the gyi'oeeepe provided with :i beveled gem: 102 V'whichn'ieshes 'wili Ei beveled gem' 1703 feathered te die operating shaft (i3(eee l0 Fig. l0.) The hub of the beveled gem is prolonged and pmfifleflwith :in annular gi'oeve 101i Wliieli engaged by pine i135 in anepeia'ting level' 105 givemlly atiiieliefl n v107' t0 a pmjeeting zum onthe ifi-rime of lim 3.5 gyrosenpe.' By :Heime of this mii'zirigemen vthehevelecl gem* 103 may be swung into and outof engagement with thebeveled gear ,102. Slieuld for any reason the meter slop running, thegyi'oeeope may be taken'out 01"' geal-tl1e1'ewi'th by means @fille armor ep! eieng leverjlOG. The gyimeope would c011- iimle its movementuntil Monicelli-ir) had been exhausted, and llmseemsii'in Sleaflying'the machine.

325 'Vhile l have shewii in. the drawings illus-- trating my machine boxkites Wilic'li have @Illy tive planesy it is apparent that box kiteshaving; three or more planes may be used, In Fig. lEZI have shown a. boxkite having three planes 110. ln this case elle .shaft 112 of theaeroplane is located. with its axis coincident with the median 'line of.the middle plane. in Fig. 13 is illustrated an areioplulile having fourplanes 113' in 4which case the shaft llfl located. wi'li its axiscoincident Wil/l1 'llie line el'interseeiioli of diagonal planes pasedvthrough fle eater ecig'es of the kite; l I It muy alSe be desirableuselgiiopellei's 40 with more-than two blades. 'in Figs. .1A- and lGisshown e. pi'opeller with ieiur blmiee.

Said blades are disposed. at equal .flifslimces about ille elazi't butmizingjefl, the (me piu'ii 115 in aclvemee efilie 031er pair lili.. lf3

25 Eiga. l5 and l? ie slwwie .propeller with blades. The 'blades alsbefe'e :u:-

" icellyebozib lie simil, the

weed pairs (if llieblmlesil?, arranged in taiideisi en the 59 shaft, eeiiiiiieetel im side ele Il iii l?. In each ease 'l'lie successive paireof blzuls are ineieiieed in pitch :is .iiiflimlied;

in the drawings. To .'acililnie the staring elf' myy flying machine, iprefer te the me' i' .te the beck wheele- 91., so iiie it may; imi.along the giouiid under its own pewez'. my eem veiiien' el* usualmeciiansi: the molex tri-lie reel" Wl'i i mz to be im i Spee withagyroscope Wliieiiis normallyepei'zied 011 their mies by means of .lieoperating lever 79 into alieni; the position inflieazed in; Fig. 1 Thelaterizi planes '37, are ehfliefl to :i veil'icnl position, encljliepiepelleis 5i. .5?, l'nffnugliio the poftimi indicated in 'JLG sniflfigure. "ll'mleif the im en nf lle. gesund wheels. which has 'viventvlieiimcli ing rsnjl't. und Limiet' the. eeien mi pellen, muil lijfcease mi? the ipmufgl ei' the plaines of ille bex liiers, llie mfmlime.75 is lilfl'eff fiumi the gewild Miri sieri? en lie 'lgln'- through lvieinl?. ,liv eppnifen; "diet (l *e ixi'xggie. zii, which il ffleiel lieviby the. :mi iii; position mi eine ,foie and i. bex lilies. .fifi eif themachine has r' ein', when iii ,ES desired te move i lulu'i: zoiimlijilzmie, ille im); lilies., belli "lere sind 11105;, :we sllii'leil.Seo ihm; their Neues ammini-a in ..ippr'exiiimiely ,hm'iiienailposilifiipj finy order ile ip ythe mimi-liilie. ii li-teg. prepelleSlmf's. and 'lie lqleiul nre lJirougg'lail m'je Nie -pmi'm milieu Fig'.3. iii `which lli@ pleinesrm' ille ini are shown in lwriicmizii platineam :wie el il'xe lateral 'planes 3T, l@ While .thi pellers; :we.l,ire'fl`e l Umvzufd mul iv'M'Wniul. and the f it z'.i} a;.liei's@ipv/zml :mil renrwmd. .it le appuient liel iii lliizs pez-5i? m 0i' lie#Several parte, tlie mneliine will ueiliggi' ml vant-e imi' movebackward, lm'c W'll be mziixiu 95 tained in a fixeil positief.. bei-.ugeuplgueiued therein lo); the dewnm'zu'd pi'eesm'e M the prepellers undby die eupliwgnftingf Cep; :iiy of' the planes of file lrox kiie5 :niflelf ille lnbemly planes, i 100 wiizii ille .umile hex lf fore :mid iftof die iight 'te the machine, prop l .tisliml we ce. xi by ille LA theitem' i'e'wee ely of lie feie emi :if lsi shelf' :e wiiielisuiegijnopellm' are Se- 1130 cursed, miei Sheltie 'heilig l'i-.we omeiliziiery nm/einem in w emi 1 ffii-aillel ze 'I l'ie wie of ne mail A'red l" ai mi elk" the Se ingu-hitte with their'axes arrang whine, setsof propellers mounted, one set iininediately ai't oi the forward set o'fbox kites and the einer set immediately aft of the rear set ot linxkites, shafts npon'whieh said pr0- pellen are mounted.y the shafts ofeach Set being arranged in the saine plane and being mounted toostillatc vin unison in vertical planes parallel to the. axis of themachine, a drivingshaft geared to said propeller shaft-s, means ioroscillating: the shafts of each set of liiopellers. each setindependently of the other, and inet-haiiisni for shifting said boxkites on their axes. f

il. ln a flying machine, the combination.

with the traine, sets of box kites mounted respectively fore and aft onthe frame of said' machine with their axes arranged at right angles tothe longitudinal axis of said machine,v mechanism for shifting Said box.kites on their axes, sets of pi'opellers mounted, one set'iin'niediatelyaft of the forward' set nt' box kites and the other setimmediately a'ltof the rear set of box kites, shafts upon whit-h said propcllei's aremounted, the sha'l'ts oi each set heine;y arranged in the saine planeand mounted to oscillate in unison in vertical planes parallel' to theaxis of the machine, a drive shaft geared to said propeller shafts,means for oscillating the shafts of each set of propellers,each setindependf ently oi the other, a gyioscope mounted on tho frame of themachine ainidships, gearing at right angles to the longitudinal axis'said maintermediate said gyroscope and said drive shaft, and clutchmechanism adapted `to throw said gyroscope into or outl of gear withsaid drive shaft.

4. In a flying machine, in combination with the frame, sets of box kitesmounted respectively fore and aft on said frame with their axes arrangedlat right angles to the longitudinal axis of said frame, mechanism forShifting said box kites on their axes, sets of Propellers mounted, oneset immediately aft of the forward set of box Lkites and the' otherset'J immediately aftof 'the rear setof box kites,l shafts upon whichsaid propellers are mounted, the shafts of each set being arranged inthe same plane and being mounted t0 oscillate in unison in vertical4planes parshaft geared tosaid propeller shafts, means i pellers, each set independently of the other, laterally arranged planes rotativelymount-v ed on the frame of the machine with their axes of rotationparallel with the axis of the machine, and means' for oscillating saidpla1ies. l

AIn testimony, that I, claim the foregoing as my invention I atlix mysignature in the4 presence of tivo Witnesses this7th day ofv June, A. D.1909. GEORGE SUDSTAD.

Witnesses l llueo E. Kxo'rii,

FRANK J. HAGeiiirrr.

allel to the axis of the machine,-a driving' 4 for oscillating theshafts of the sets of -pro- Y

